With the rapid development of networks and services, communication technology is accelerating the integration with IT technology. Under this trend, more and more innovative technologies are emerging, including "cloud base stations". At present, although the cloud base station is still a brand-new concept, the exploration of this industry has already begun. So, how can base stations introduce cloud computing technology, and what will the "cloud" base stations bring us?
What happens when a communication base station encounters cloud computing? Perhaps many people have never imagined that traditional communication base stations will come together with the "fashionable" cloud computing, and many people do not even think about it. In response to the "reaction", a new concept was born-cloud base station. Simply understood, a cloud base station is a base station that introduces cloud computing technology. Although the industry does not yet have a unified conclusion on the concept of cloud base stations, the introduction of cloud computing architecture in the baseband part of the base station further improves the performance of the base station while achieving the sharing and dynamic allocation of wireless network resources, reducing energy consumption and reducing costs , Has become the industry's common vision for cloud base stations.
Happy "marriage"
In the new generation of radio access network architecture (C-RAN) proposed by China Mobile, the idea of ​​cloud is introduced. According to the concept of C-RAN, cloud computing technology will be introduced on the basis of realizing the centralized radio frequency extension of base station baseband processing units, and a cloud computing processing platform that is easy to expand and network will be constructed to realize the virtualization of resources and super dynamic Distribution capacity.
The idea of ​​introducing cloud computing in the development and deployment of base stations has been recognized by the industry as soon as it is proposed, mainly because this new mode of communication technology and IT technology integration has indeed opened up an "ideal avenue" for the future development of wireless networks. . Today, with increasing data traffic and no significant increase in data revenue, how can we provide a high-quality service while creating a new generation of low-cost, low-energy, high-quality wireless access network and become an operation The focus of business exploration. Obviously, it is necessary to improve network utilization. Due to the characteristics of mobile communication services flowing with the flow of people, the uneven distribution of traffic flow generally exists in the network, and even some base stations may be idle. In this case, the sharing of network traffic resources And dynamic allocation is particularly important. The emergence of cloud base station technology can achieve this ideal state.
At the same time, in the evolution of mobile networks, the problem of lack of mobile base station sites has become increasingly prominent. China has the world's leading 2G network. The number of 2G base stations currently built is very large. If you want to develop more site resources for 3G and 4G networks on this basis, the difficulty is imaginable. So, how to minimize the use of new sites has become an important issue to consider. If the cloud base station architecture is envisaged, the radio frequency unit (RRU) and baseband unit (BBU) of the base station are completely separated, and by centralizing the BBU and other transmission products to the central computer room, not only can the base station sites be reduced, it is even possible Realize "zero" computer room.
The reduction in the number of computer rooms can not only solve the problem of lack of sites, but also effectively reduce the cost of network construction. On the one hand, the reduction in the number of computer rooms can directly reduce the rental costs of operators' computer rooms; on the other hand, the reduction in the number of computer rooms can also help operators to achieve energy saving and emission reduction to a large extent. At present, more than 60% of the power consumption of the communication network comes from the computer room. If the growth of the number of computer rooms can be controlled, or even achieve negative growth, then it is easier for telecom operators to achieve energy saving and emission reduction. According to relevant statistics, the C-RAN architecture with cloud technology can effectively save the access network CAPEX by about 20% and OPEX by about 63% compared with the currently widely used distributed co-site method. The TCO can save about 40%, effectively reducing the project construction cycle by one third. At the same time, it can further save 67% of the energy consumption in the distributed common site method, which can save more than 80% energy consumption compared with the traditional macro base station method.
Daunting challenge
Cloud base station, a brand new wireless access method, is depicting a better future for the development of wireless networks. However, cloud base station is still a young thing. Not only is the industry not unified on the concept of cloud base station, but also cloud The technology of the base station is not mature enough. In order to promote the construction of a new generation of wireless access networks, many operators have cooperated with mainstream equipment manufacturers to carry out related work. However, in order to truly implement cloud base stations in existing networks, many technical problems need to be solved.
First, how to build a high-performance, low-cost wireless signal optical transmission network that connects a large-capacity baseband pool and a radio frequency unit. Under the framework of the cloud base station, in order to ensure the quality of the mobile communication network, the wireless signal transmission between the baseband pool and the remote radio frequency unit must meet the stringent requirements of high bandwidth and low latency. At the same time, due to the cost of network construction For consideration, this wireless signal optical transmission network must also have low-cost characteristics.
Second, how to build a cloud-based central processing platform that achieves large capacity, high reliability, and flexible expansion. Compared with other base station models, the most prominent advantage of cloud base stations is the ability to achieve resource sharing and dynamic allocation. The premise of achieving these is that a large number of wireless signals need to be connected to the central processing platform for centralized processing. This not only requires this platform to be A large-capacity platform also challenges how to realize effective control and real-time management of the platform.
Again, how to achieve virtualization in the cloud base station platform. Virtualization is the development trend of IT technology and an important technology in cloud computing. However, for communication base stations, virtualization is still a relatively unfamiliar technology. In the architecture of cloud base stations, how to use virtualization technology to achieve effective utilization and allocation of resources is very critical and needs to be explored.
In addition to the technical difficulties mentioned above, in fact, the development of cloud base stations also faces many other challenges, some of which are known, and some are even unknown. However, we believe that with the joint efforts of the industry, these problems will be solved one by one, bringing a better tomorrow to the development of mobile communication networks
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