1. Insulation
Transformer oil is a fluid, which can fill any space between the various parts in the transformer, avoiding the insulation reduction caused by the contact of each part with air and moisture. Since transformer oil has higher insulation strength than air, it can maintain good insulation between windings, windings and iron cores, windings and oil tank shells, which increases the insulation strength of the transformer. Transformer oil can maintain the original chemical and physical properties of wood and paper insulation, and protect the metal from corrosion, so that the insulation can be kept in good condition.
2. Heat dissipation
During operation, the heat generated in the iron core and windings due to loss causes the temperature of the transformer oil to rise, and the volume expands, which rises due to the decrease in its specific gravity. After being cooled by the cooling device, it enters the bottom of the transformer tank to form oil circulation. . The oil circulation cools the windings and the iron core and improves the operating conditions.
3. Arc extinguishing effect
In addition to the functions described above, the transformer oil can also accelerate the arc extinguishing in the transformer shell in a special operating state. Transformer oil is often in motion in power equipment. When an arc is caused by a certain fault in the transformer, it can accelerate the extinguishment of the arc. For example, if the tap changer of the transformer is in poor contact or the inter-layer and inter-turn short circuit of the transformer causes an arc, the transformer oil impacts the arc through movement, which elongates the arc, reduces the arc temperature, and enhances the de-ionization effect in the transformer oil. The arc quickly extinguished.
Performance requirements of transformer oil(1) The density of transformer oil should be as small as possible to facilitate precipitation of moisture and impurities in the oil.
(2) The viscosity should be moderate, too large will affect the convection heat dissipation, too small will reduce the flash point.
(3) The flash point should be as high as possible, and generally should not be lower than 136°C.
(4) The freezing point should be as low as possible.
(5) The lower the content of impurities such as acid, alkali, sulfur, and ash, the better, so as to avoid their corrosion of insulating materials, wires, fuel tanks, etc. as much as possible.
(6) The degree of oxidation should not be too high. The degree of oxidation is usually expressed by acid value, which refers to the amount of potassium hydroxide (mg) required to absorb the free acid in 1 gram of oil.
(7) Stability should not be too low. Stability is usually expressed by the sediment of the acid value test, which represents the ability of oil to resist aging.
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